sprit

学习内容:新概念第四册(老版本)第十九课<English Social Differences>
学习目的:疑难词语和重点句子的解释.帮助大家理解课文
[ra]http://www.advancededu.net/edubbs/UpLoadFile/200362422475023129.mp3[/ra]
A gentleman is, rather than does. He is interested in nothing in a professional
way. He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, even eccentricities, but must not
practise a vocation. He must know how to ride and shoot and cast a fly. He
should have relatives in the army and navy and at least one connection in the
diplomatic service. But there are weaknesses in the English gentleman's ability
to rule us today. He usually knows nothing of political economy and less about
how foreign countries are governed. He does not respect learning and prefers
'sport '. The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its
adequacy for its function, and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to
consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he
desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell. He attends
inadequately to technological  development. Disbelieving in the necessity of
large-scale production in the modern world, he is passionately devoted to
excessive secrecy, both in finance and method of production. He has
an incurable and widespread nepotism in appointment, discounting ability
and relying upon a mystic entity called 'character,' which means, in
a gentleman's mouth, the qualities he traditionally possesses himself.
His lack of imagination and the narrowness of his social loyalties
have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm. He is
incapable of that imaginative realism which admits that this is a new world to
which he must adjust himself and his institutions, that every privilege he formely
took as of right he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly
relevant to social welfare.

[ Last edited by sprit on 2003-9-28 at 10:59 ]

sprit

说明：本课的句子有一些难度，下面着重讲解一些难句，
            单词较为简单，故省略。

一、课文解析

1、 A gentleman is, rather than does.
       翻译一：绅士不是通过行为做到的；
       翻译二：绅士不是想做就能做到的，那是一种天生的气质。

【重要句子】
2、The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type
      so much as its adequacy for its function.
      
       句子结构：
      The problem ... is not ... so much as ....
      
       重要句型：
       not ... so much as ...  =  not ... but ...  不是 ... 而是 ...
  
       翻译：
       社会面临的问题是，人们不需要绅士的这些“美德”，而是
       需要他们治理国家的能力。
  
       练习：
       His success is not by talent so much as by energy.
       It is not the hours that tell so much as the way we use them.
       重要的不是时间，而是我们怎样利用它们。
      

3、He attends inadequately to technological  development.
      
      重要句型：
      attend to 跟名词，动名词
     ＝ be concernd with

      练习：
     While i am out(away), please attend to my house.

【重要句子】
4、His lack of imagination and the narrowness of his social loyalties
      have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm.

     句子结构：
      His lack .... have ranged ... one of .... against hime.

     重要句型：
      range ... against....    将 ... 与 ...  对立

     翻译：
      绅士的想象力的缺乏和对社会责任感的狭隘性，使他与
      社会基本阶层（百姓）对立起来。

【重要句子】
5、He is incapable of that imaginative realism which admits
      that this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and
      his institutions, that every privilege he formely  took as of right
      he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant
      to social welfare.

     句子结构：
      主句：He is incapable  ....  realism  which admins that ... , that every ....
      
      this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and  his institutions.
   = this is a new world which he must adjust himself and  his institutions to .
  
     翻译：
     他无法接收这个充满想象力的现实，这种现实确定（admits ）这是一个
     新的世界，他和他恪守的习俗必须与之适应； 同时这种现实也确定了
     他以前认为的理所应当的权利，现在只能通过提供证据说明这项权利与
     社会福利直接有关才能得到。