汉英口译分类词汇 汉英, 词汇, 口译, 分类

  211工程 211 Project

安居工程 housing project for low-income families

安居小区 a neighborhood for low-income families

保障妇女就业权利to guarantee women’s right to
employment

补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金 All back
pension entitlements have been paid for the retired
covered by the overall government plan.

裁定保险赔偿 adjudication of benefits

城镇居民最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence
allowances for urban
residents在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险
Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age,
unemployment and medical insurance, must be made
mandatory in urban areas.

城镇社会保障体系the social security system in urban
areas

城镇职工基本医疗保险制度the basic medical insurance
system for urban employees

创新精神 be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind

促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展 ensure that students
improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and
fitness level as well as in their appreciation of
aesthetics

大家庭 extended family

大力推行个人助学信贷 Personal loans to finance
education should be vigorously promoted.

大专文凭 associate degree (conferred to junior college
students)

代培 training-on-contract program

代培生 trainee on contract

带薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs
while allowing them to retain their original rank and
benefits

待业人员 job seekers

待遇优厚的工作 a well-paid job

单亲家庭 single parent family

定向培训 training for specific posts

独生子女 the only child

对保障方案进行精算评估 Security programs should
undergo actuarial review.

对口扶贫 provide poverty alleviation aid to the
designated sister regions

恶性犯罪 major crimes

反对迷信 be against superstition

福利分房 buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the
organization one works with

复式住宅 compound apartment

干部年轻化 rejuvenation of cadres

岗位培训 on-job training

高度重视精神文明建设 pay close attention to cultural
and ethical progress

搞好优生优育 promote good prenatal and postnatal care

个人自愿计划 voluntary private plans

工伤保险制度the on-job injury insurance system

工资收入分配制度the wage and income distribution
system

关系国计民生的大事 matters vital to national
well-being and the people’s livelihood

关心和支持残疾人事业 Programs to help the physically
and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.

关心老龄人 care for senior citizens.

贵族学校 exclusive school（美）; select school（英）

国企下岗职工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of
living allowances for workers laid off from
state-owned enterprises

过紧日子 tighten one’s belt

过温饱生活 live a life at a subsistent level

合理调整就业结构to rationally readjust the employment
structure

后勤服务社会化 make logistic services independent in
their operation

积极发展民办教育 Efforts should be made to develop
schools not operated by government education
departments.

基本养老金basic pensions

计划生育责任制 responsibility system of family
planning

继续开展“扫黄打非”斗争 The fight against
pornography, illegal publications and piracy shall be
continued.

加快住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of
housing distribution/allocation

加强计划生育工作 further improve family planning

加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is
maintained in public opinion

家庭美德 family virtues

坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”的方针 adhere to the
principle of “doing two jobs at once and attaching
equal importance to each”

坚持正确的舆论导向 maintain the correct orientation
for public opinion

建立集体合同制度to establish a group contract system

建立市场导向的就业机制to establish a market-oriented
employment mechanism

建立新型的劳动关系to establish a new type of labor
relations

建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府 build a clean and
diligent, pragmatic and efficient government

建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家 build a prosperous,
strong, democratic and culturally advanced country

教育程度 educational status; education received

教育程度比率 educational attainment ratio

戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center

精算界 actuarial profession

精算师 actuaries

扩大就业和再就业to expand employment and reemployment

劳动保障监察制度the labor security supervision system

劳动标准体系labor standard system

劳动争议处理体制the system of handling labor disputes

面临困境 face adverse conditions

努力稳定低生育水平 work to stabilize the low birth
rate

培养创新精神和实践能力 help them develop practical
abilities and a spirit of innovation

破案率 rate of solved criminal cases

强制性普及方案 universally compulsory program

切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担 effectively reduce too
heavy homework assignments for primary and secondary
school students

确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放to
ensure that subsistence allowances for laid-off
workers from state-owned enterprises and basic
pensions for retirees are paid on time and in full

人口出生率 birth rate

人口老龄化 aging of population

人口增长的高峰期 baby boom

人口增长与社会经济发展相协调 try to keep population
growth in line with social and economic development

人民生活水平 quality of life; the living standards

认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要 The programs for
the development of work concerning women and children
should be earnestly implemented.

弱势群体disadvantaged groups

扫除青壮年文盲 eliminate illiteracy among young and
middle-aged people

伤残保险 disability insurance

社会保障 social security

社会保障“三条保障线”制度 social security system of
“three guarantees”

社会福利制度the social welfare system

社会公德 social morality

社会互助制度the social mutual help system

社会治安状况好转 see an improved law-and-order
situation

深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动 Extensive public
participation activities are launched to promote
cultural and ethical progress.

生活待遇 material amenities

生活费收入 income available for cost of living

生活费用 cost of living; income maintenance;
subsistence cost

生育保险制度the childbirth insurance system

失学儿童 dropouts

失业保险 guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits

失业保险 unemployment insurance

失业保险制度the unemployment insurance system

失业率 rate of unemployment

实施积极促进就业的政策to implement the policy of
vigorously increasing employment

实现基本普及九年义务教育 The goal in the effort to
make nine-year compulsory education basically
universal has been attained.

实现小康目标 attain the goal of ensuring our people a
relatively comfortable life

实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式to adopt
elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment

实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promote
family planning and control the population size and
improve the health of the people

实行劳动合同制度to institute a labor contract system

树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观 help foster in the
young the morally sound values and outlook on the
world and life

思想道德建设（思想政治工作） moral education among
people

提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准 Allowances for certain
disabled service men and women and family members of
revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have
been increased.

提高劳动者素质to enhance workers’ quality

统筹兼顾城乡就业to make overall plans for urban and
rural system

推动就业服务向社区延伸，形成多层次的就业服务网络to
encourage the formation of community-run agencies as a
part of the multi-level employment service network

推进素质教育 push ahead with education for all-around
development

推行职业资格证书制度to introduce a vocational
qualification credentials system

退休基金 pension fund

脱贫 lift off poverty; cast off poverty

完善和落实再就业优惠政策to improve and implement
preferential reemployment

完善失业保险制度to improve the unemployment insurance
system

文明城市 model city; culturally advanced city; city
cited for high moral and cultural standards

物业管理 estate management, property management

消费价格总水平the general price level

小家庭 nuclear family

小康生活 enjoy a fairly comfortable life; be
moderately better off

新生儿死亡率 infant mortality rate; neonatal mortality
rate

行行出状元 Every profession produces its own leading
authority.

研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graduate degree's
diploma

养老保险 retirement insurance

养老保险制度the old-age insurance system

医疗保险 medical insurance

医疗保险制度the medical insurance system

应试教育 examination-oriented education system

优抚安置制度the special care and placement system

优化就业结构to optimize employment structure

有公德心 be civic-minded

舆论导向 direction of public opinion

舆论监督 supervision by public opinion

预期寿命 life expectancy

灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system

在职博士生 on-job doctorate

招生就业指导 enrolment and vocation guidance

争取实现高等教育大众化 work to make regular higher
education accessible to the majority of young people

政府主导计划 government-sponsored programs

职业道德 ethics of profession

中华人民共和国劳动法the Labor Law of the People’s
Republic of China

中专生 secondary specialized or technical school
student

重视发展具有比较优势和市场潜力的劳动密集型企业to
stress the development of labor-intensive enterprises
with comparative advantages and market potential

抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务 devote efforts to
the management of family planning and related services
in rural areas and among the floating population

自然增长率 natural growth rate

自学成才 self-taught and self-made person; become a
qualified professional through self-taught way

最低生活保障制度the minimum living standard security
system



汉英口译分类词汇（02）--外经贸类词汇



澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand
Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement

摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the
financial crisis

帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to
distinction

备件spare parts

部长级会议ministerial meeting

采取积极财政政策 proactive fiscal policy

出口创汇型/外向型产业  export-oriented industry

垂直兼并vertical merger

倒爷profiteer　

抵免offset

东盟自由贸易区  AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area

东南亚国家联盟  ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian
Nations

对外项目承包foreign project contracting

反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against ……

防伪标志anti-fake label

放松银根ease monetary policy　

非配额产品quota-free products

非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects

风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment

风险基金venture capital

风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk

岗位培训on-the-job training

港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US
dollar and the HK dollar

搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized
state owned enterprises

工程项目engineering project

工业增加值industrial added value

公正合理equitable and rational

固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets

广开就业门路increase employment opportunities; create
jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of
employment

规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale

国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives

国际清算international settlement

国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance
of payment

国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment

国家补贴public subsidies

国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state

国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological
Innovation System

国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves

合理引导消费guide rational consumption

横向兼并horizontal merger

坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/
uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan

货币市场money market

机构臃肿overstaffing in (government) organizations

机构重叠organizational overlapping　

技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological
enterprises that integrate scientific and
technological development with industrial and trade
development

季节性调价seasonal price adjustments

既成事实established/accomplished facts

减免债务reduce and cancel debts

建材building materials

进口环节税import linkage tax

经常项目current account

经常性的财政收入regular revenues　

竟价投标competitive bidding

就业前培训pre-job training　

控股公司holding company

垃圾融资junk financing

劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises

劳务合作labor service cooperation

累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade
surplus

利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery

流动人口floating population　

龙头产品lagship product

乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds,
arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of
fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds,
compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises

慢性萧条chronic depression　

农业技术合作  ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation

盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets

配件accessories

皮包公司flying-by-night company; bogus company

平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing
practical results, adopting various waysand seeking
common development/ the principle of equality, mutual
benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development

瓶颈制约 “bottleneck” restrictions

企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of
enterprises

企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises

企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses

企业所得税corporate income tax

千年问题、千年虫millennium bug

抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities

清理、修订screen and modify

求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground

商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public
utility construction

申报制度reporting system; income declaration system

实行股份制enforce stockholding system

实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat
foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts

市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA  Administrative Aspects of
Market Access

适销对路的产品readily marketable products　

双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system　

水利water conservation

所有制形式forms of ownership

贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure　

通货紧缩deflation

通货膨胀inflation

同步增长increase in the same pace

外援方式modality of foreign aid

无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator　

无纸交易paperless transaction　

现代企业制度modern corporate system

消费膨胀inflated consumption　

协议投标negotiated bidding

信息化informationize　

形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified,
open market with orderly competition

亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting

亚太法定计量论坛  APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology
Forum

亚太工商咨询理事会  ABAC：APEC Business Advisory
Council

亚太计量程序  APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program

亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting

亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM： APEC Economic Leaders
Meeting

亚太经济合作组织  APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation

亚太能源研究中心  APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research
Center

亚太商业论坛  ABF：APEC Business Forum

亚太商业网络  APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network

亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory
Accreditation Cooperation

亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and
Database System

亚太信息基础设施  APII：Asia-Pacific Information
Infrastructure

亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center
for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and
Medium Enterprises

亚洲开发银行  ADB: Asian Development Bank

以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an
automatic registration system of foreign trading
rights on a trial basis

营业税turnover tax

在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside
fortifying the status of the public ownership as the
mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common
development of different systems of ownership

债转股debt-to-equity swap

中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation
Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments
by Compatriots from Taiwan

中介服务组织intermediary service organization

注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into

转化经营机制change the method of operation

资本项目capital account

自1999年1月1日起实行  come into official enforcement
as of January 1, 1999

自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate; variable
exchange rate

自驻经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management
decisions, profits and losses

走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progress



shipping service company  船务公司

generic products非商标(非专利)产品

prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策

deficit spending超前消费

run on banks(到银行)挤兑

domestic support to agriculture  对农业的国内支持

special bonds特种债券

economy of abundance  富裕经济

Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白

dual purpose exports军民两用品出口

dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术

NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区

global quota全球配额

grandfather clause祖父条款

Animal-derived food动物源食品

EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral
Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化

TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and
Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化







常见缩略：

C&F(cost & freight)成本加运费价
T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇
D/P(document against payment)付款交单
D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单
C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证
G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制
CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱
PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等
DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元
DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打
PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等
WT(weight)重量
G.W.(gross weight)毛重
N.W.(net weight)净重
(customs declaration)报关单
EA(each)每个，各
W (with)具有
w/o(without)没有
FAC(facsimile)传真
IMP(import)进口
EXP（export）出口
MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的
MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度
M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的
M/V（merchant vessel）商船
S.S(steamship)船运
MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨
DOC (document)文件、单据
INT（international）国际的
P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表
INV (invoice)发票
PCT (percent)百分比
REF （reference）参考、查价
EMS （express mail special）特快传递
STL.(style)式样、款式、类型
T或LTX或TX(telex)电传
RMB（renminbi）人民币
S/M （shipping marks）装船标记
PR或PRC(price) 价格
PUR (purchase)购买、购货
S/C（sales contract）销售确认书
L/C （letter of credit）信用证
B/L （bill of lading）提单
FOB （free on board）离岸价
CIF （cost, insurance & freight）成本、保险加运费价

GMO (genetically modified organism)转基因组织

CAGA (compound annual growth average)年复合增长率


汉英口译分类词汇（03）--改革开放词汇





保险业 The insurance industry

保证重点支出 Ensure funding for priority areas

被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business

补发拖欠的养老金  Clear up pension payments in arrears


不良贷款  Non—performing loan

层层转包和违法分保  Multi-level contracting and
illegal subcontracting

产值 output value

城乡信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural
areas

城镇居民最低生活保障  A minimum standard of living for
city residents

城镇职工医疗保险制度  The system of medical insurance
for urban workers

抽样调查 data from the sample survey

出口信贷 Export credit

初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a
preliminary level a new system of socialist planned
commodity economy.

贷款质量 Loan quality

贷款质量五级分类办法  The five-category assets
classification for bank loans

第二产业 secondary industry

第三产业 tertiary industry

第一产业 primary industry

独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise

发电量 electric energy production

发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role
of the market

发展过快 excessive growth

防范和化解金融风险  Take precautions against and
reduce financial risks

防洪工程  Flood-prevention project

非法外汇交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction

非公有成分 non-public sectors

非贸易收汇  Foreign exchange earnings through non
trade channels

非银行金融机构  Non-bank financial institutions

费改税 Transform administrative fees into taxes

分配形式 forms of distribution

风险资金 risk funds

副业 sideline production

改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。 Reform is
"the self-perfection and self-development of the
socialist system."

改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to
the cities

改善经济环境 improve economic environment

搞活企业 invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate
enterprises

各尽所能，按劳/需分配。 from each according to his
ability, to each according to his work/needs.

跟踪审计  Follow-up auditing

工程监理制度 The monitoring system for projects

公有制 public ownership

鼓励 give incentive to

管理不善 poor management

国际收支 international balance of payments

国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。 The state ensures the
consolidation and growth of the state economy.

国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The
basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts
on socialist modernization.

国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)

国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。
The state economy is the sector of socialist economy
under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading
force in the national economy.

国有资产安全 The safety of state-owned assets

过度开垦 Excess reclamation

合同管理制度 The contract system for governing
projects

合资企业 joint venture

合作企业 cooperative enterprise

和平演变 peaceful evolution

宏观控制 exercise macro-control

机电产品 Electromechanical products

积极的财政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy

基本生活费 Basic allowances

基石 cornerstone

计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that
combines planned economy and market regulation

家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility
system

结售汇制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales


解除劳动关系 Sever labor relations

解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive
forces

金融监管责任制 The responsibility system for financial
supervision

经济安全 Economic security

经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages

经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning
with market regulation

经济结构改革。 reform in economic structure

经营机制 operative mechanism

精华、精粹、实质 quintessence

举措 move

靠扩大财政赤字搞建设  To increase the deficit to spend
more on development

扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted
(excluded)

扩大国内需求 The expansion of domestic demand

拉动经济增长  Fuel economic growth

厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and
combat waste

粮食仓库 Grain depot

粮食收储企业 Grain Collection and storage enterprise

粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 Closed operation of grain
purchase funds

粮食销售市场 Grain sales market

劣质工程  Shoddy engineering

林业 forestry

零售 retail

流通制度 circulation system

乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款  Arbitrary charges,
fund-raising, quotas and fines

农业 farming

骗汇、逃汇、套汇  Obtain foreign currency under false
pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the
government and illegal arbitrage

取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the state's
monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural
products

全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people

全体会议 plenary session

人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP

人均收入 per capita income

融资渠道 Financing channels

善于接受的 receptive

商品经济 commodity economy

商业信贷原则 The principles for commercial credit

社会保险机构 Social security institution

社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。
The main goals of socialism are the liberation and
development of productive forces, the elimination of
exploitation and polarization between the rich and the
poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.

社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership

社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。
The basis of the socialist economic system is
socialist public ownership of the means of production,
namely, ownership by the whole people and collective
ownership by the working people.

生产关系 relations of production

生产力 productive forces

生产资料 means of production

生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence

剩余劳动力。 surplus labor

失业保险金 Unemployment insurance benefits

实际增长率 actual growth rate

实事求是 seek truth from facts

实在的 tangible

使负担 be saddled with

试一下 have a go (at sth.)

输入活力 bring vigor into

私有制 private ownership

随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。
As the reform further develops, the scope for
mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the
scope for market forces will be enlarged.

偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 Tax evasion, tax fraud and
refusal pay taxes

投入 input

外汇收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending

外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise

我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
The criterion for our judgment is whether the move
facilitates the development of socialist productive
forces, whether it helps increase the overall national
strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings
about better living standards.

畜牧业 animal husbandry

要人们警惕右和"左"的影响，特别是"左"的根深蒂固的影响。
to warn people of the influence of both the Right and
the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted
"Left" influence.

一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic
points
以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放
the central task refers to economic construction and
two basic points are the four cardinal principles -
adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party
leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship
and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and
persisting in reform and opening.

引进、输入 importation

引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley

营业发达的公司 going concerns

优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure

有色金属 nonferrous metals

有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation

渔业 fishing

增额、增值、增长 increment

整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order

中国要警惕右，但更要防"左"。 China needs to be
vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily,
it should guard against the "Left" deviation.

逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。
to modernize the country's industry, agriculture,
national defense and science and technology step by
step to turn China into a strong and prosperous
socialist country with a high level of culture and
democracy.

主要成分 dominant sector

资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。
Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the
proportion of planned and market economy.

总工资 total wages

汉英口译分类词汇（04）--政治政府词汇



按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain
without limitations at protective prices

把处理事与处理人结合起来integrate the handling of
cases with the handling of violators

把有限的资金用在“刀刃上” use our limited funds where
they can be put to best use

保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid
economic growth

保监会the China Insurance Regulatory Commission

保证国家的长治久安guarantee China’s long-term
stability

保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs

保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益ensure that these
projects are completed according to schedule and yield
economic returns

避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能The uncompleted projects
cannot drag on and on and require excessive
investment.

不合法、不合理基金和收费项目illegal and unjustifiable
funds and charges

不会导致货币过量发行without causing overissue of
currency

不进则退 no progress simply means regression

不良贷款 non- performing loans

不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets

不再经商no longer engage in trade

财政偿还能力our ability to service debt

财政的承受能力financial capacity

财政监督条例the Regulations on Financial Supervision

财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits.

财政收入占国内生产总值的比重the ratio of revenue to
GDP

财政收支基本平衡的原则a principle of maintaining a
basic balance between revenue and expenditures

财政资金申请、立项、拨付、使用效果等各个环节的监督supervision
over the whole process of fund allocation from
application, project determination and actual
allocation to returns on investment

拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition

产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in
property rights of enterprises

产销衔接状况the ratio of sales to production

产业升级upgrade industries

长江流域的生态掩体an ecological shelter along the
Yangtze River Valley

长江三峡和黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程the key water projects
at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at
Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River

长期国债long-term government bonds

常务委员Standing Committee member

车辆购置税暂行条例the Interim Regulations on the Tax
on Vehicle Purchases

成长型企业市场 （指二板市场）growing enterprise market
(GEM)

城乡电网改造projects for upgrading urban and rural
power grids

城镇登记失业率registered unemployment rate in cities
and towns

城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system

城镇职工医疗保险制度改革medical insurance for urban
workers

城镇住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system

出口经营权由审批制向登记备案制过渡the transition from
an examination and approval system to a registration
and recording system for the right to engage in export

出口配额export quotas

传统产业conventional industries

创新体系an innovation system

垂直管理vertical management

从源头上、制度上堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes in terms of
their sources and systems

促进公平分配promote fair distribution of social wealth

村村通广播电视工程project “extend radio and TV
coverage to every village”

存款准备金reserves against deposit

大部分科技力量游离于企业和市场之外a majority of
scientific personnel being divorced from enterprises
and the market

大力推进粮食流通体制改革step up our efforts to promote
the reform of the grain distribution system

大面积多光区光纤光谱天文望远镜a large sky area
multi-object fiber-spectroscopy telescope

贷款质量5级分类办法five-category assets classification
for bank loans

邓小平理论 Deng Xiaoping Theory

低水平重复建设low-level redundant development

滴灌、喷灌drip irrigation and spray irrigation

抵抗全球经济衰退 to combat the global economic slump

地方性中小金融机构存款保险制度a deposit insurance
system for local small and medium-sized financial
institutions

电视会议televised meeting

调控宏观经济运行regulate operation of the macroeconomy

调整出口退税adjustments in the level of export tax
rebates

调整投资结构和经济结构the restructuring of investment
and the economy

堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes

对卷烟全面推行核定计税价格征收消费税办法fully levy a
sales tax on cigarettes on the basis of an authorized
tax valuation

对人民高度负责的态度maintain a high sense of
responsibility

对中西部地区适当倾斜appropriately directed to the
central and western areas of the country

夺取了抗洪抢险的伟大胜利achieve great victory in the
fight against floods

发挥出最大的效益produce the best possible results

发挥最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on
investment

反对铺张浪费combat extravagance and waste

防范和化解金融风险guard against and defuse financial
risks

防范金融风险能力ability to guard against financial
risks

防止“重点支出重点浪费” prevent “more waste in more
expenditures”

非办不可的大事important tasks which must be
accomplished

非国有工业企业non-state industrial enterprises

非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions

费改税改革 tax-for-fees reform

分配货币化distribution of money

分税制度财政体制the revenue-sharing system

风险防范机制a risk prevention mechanism

服从全局、服务全局be subordinated to and serve the
overall interests of the country

复杂多变的国内经济环境complicated and volatile
economic environment both at home and abroad

改革价格形成机制reform the price formation mechanism

干堤的修复加固任务the task of repairing and
reinforcing the main dikes

干法旋窑水泥dry-process rotary kilns

敢抓敢管、不讲情面 have the courage to bear their
responsibilities and exercise management no matter
what others might think

高等教育“211工程” the “211” Project for higher
education

高技术产业发展规划 plans for the development of
high-tech industries

高技术产业化 apply high technology to production

高技术产业化示范工程 high-tech model projects to
demonstrate their commercial viability

高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻'三个代表'重要思想hold
high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out
the important thoughts of 'Three Represents'

高清晰度电视功能样机 functional prototype of high
definition TV

个人所得税法 the Law on Personal Income Tax

个体经济、私营经济 self-employed and private
businesses

各地区经济发展的客观需要 the needs of the economic
development of different regions

各级各类教育 all forms of education at all levels

各种“小金库”屡禁不止 failures to prohibit
unauthorized departmental coffers repeatedly

各种偷税、骗税和逃税行为 all acts of tax evasion and
tax fraud

工程监理制 project supervision system

工程质量事故 accidents resulting from poor quality of
projects

工业增加值   industrial added value

公开市场操作 open-market operations

共建、调整、合作、合并 a program of joint development,
adjustment, cooperation and mergers

购买力 purchasing power

鼓励兼并 encourage mergers

关心群众疾苦 help alleviate their hardships

规范管理 standardized administration

规范化的财政管理 standardized financial management

规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures

规范税制 standardize the tax system

国际公认 internationally recognized

国际通行的吸引外资方式 internationally accepted
methods of absorbing foreign investment

国家财政包揽过多 The state finance takes on too much
financial burden.

国家发展计划委员会the State Development Planning
Commission

国家确定的重点领域投资 investment in the key areas
designated by the state

国家税源的大量流失 great loss of state revenue

国家重点科研项目 national key scientific research
projects

国库券 treasury bonds

国民经济各方面 all sectors of the national economy

国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP)

国内短缺原材料和资源性产品 raw and semi-finished
materials and resource products which are in short
supply in China

国有独资商业银行 wholly state-funded commercial bank

国有企业改革reform of state-owned enterprises

国有企业和集体企业资本金统计报告制度 a system for
reporting statistics on the capital funds of
state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises

国有企业重组 regroup SOEs

国有商业银行一级法人管理 management of the state-owned
commercial banks with only their head offices as their
legal persons

国有资产管理、监督和营运机制 management, supervision
and operation of state-owned assets

国有资源有偿使用 paid use of state-owned resources

国债资金 the capital obtained from issuance of
government bonds

过剩的生产能力 excessive production capacity

海峡两岸关系 cross-Strait relations

合同管理制 contract management system

黑市交易 black market transaction in foreign exchanges

很多上海企业涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金热。 Many
enterprises of Shanghai go on a 'gold-rush' spree in
the western parts of China.

宏观调控目标 macro-control targets

宏观经济预期目标 macroeconomic targets

会计法 the Accounting Law

会计信息质量抽查公告制度 the system for publicizing
the results of random inspections for the quality of
accounting information

积极的财政政策 a proactive fiscal policy

基本养老保险省级统筹 unified basic old-age insurance
at the provincial level

基层监督grass-roots supervision

基础设施建设 construction of infrastructural
facilities

缉私 suppress smuggling

稽察特派员 special inspectors

及时、足额发放 timely and full funding of pension

急需安排的重点支出 urgently needed expenditures for
key construction projects

挤占、挪用财政投资 misappropriation or diversion of
financial investment

技术密集型产业 technology-intensive industries

加大处罚力度 severely punish those who violate the law
and discipline

加大宏观调控力度 tighten macro-control

加大转移支付力度 increase transfer payments

加工贸易 trade involving the processing of supplied
raw materials

加快经济结构调整 accelerate economic restructuring

加强军队和政权建设 strengthen army building and the
organs of political power

加强征管、堵塞漏洞、惩治腐败、清缴欠税”的方针the
principle of “tightening collection and management,
plugging up loopholes, punishing corruption and
clearing up overdue taxes”

价格法 the Price Law

价格歧视 price discrimination

坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere
to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind,
seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of
advancing with time.

坚定信心 proceed with confidence

坚决不搞重复建设 prohibit redundant projects

坚决杜绝劣质工程 prohibit inferior projects

艰苦奋斗、勤俭建国 hard work, plain living and
building up the country through thrift

减轻企业负担 lighten the burden on enterprises

减人增效 increase efficiency by downsizing payrolls

减少福利型、供给型、实物型分配reduce distribution in
the form of welfare, supply and kind

减员增效 downsize staffs and improve efficiency

剪彩仪式ribbon-cutting ceremonies

建立公共财政的基本框架 establish the basic framework
for a system of public finance

建设文明幸福家庭 the development of civilized and
happy families

健全项目法人责任制 the system of holding the legal
person responsible for projects

讲排场、摆阔气、比享受 ostentatious behavior and
pleasure-seeking

降低银行存贷款利率 lower bank interest rates for
savings deposits and loans,

节能、节水、节地和低污染新型材料new building materials
that help to save energy, water and land resources and
cause less environmental pollution

金融体制改革 reform of the financial system

金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies

进出口商品结构 pattern of imports and exports

经济不发达地区 economically underdeveloped areas

经济发展后劲 future economic growth

经济房 low-cost housing

经营收费 operating charges

精打细算 meticulous plan all expenditures

精心设计 meticulous design

九届全国人大四次会议the Fourth Session of the Ninth
National People's Congress

九届全国政协常委递补委员 by-elect members to the
Standing Committee of the Ninth CPPCC National
Committee

就业问题 the problem of employment

具有税收性质的政府性基金或专项性收费 government funds
and special charges of a tax nature

绝不能花钱大手大脚 absolutely cannot spend money
lavishly

军队、武警部队、政法机关与企业脱钩the army, armed
police and procuratorial, judicial and public security
organs have severed their ties with enterprises

开拓城乡市场 develop urban and rural markets

开拓农村消费市场 develop consumer markets in rural
areas

抗洪救灾 fight floods and provide disaster relief

科技成果转化 the commercialization of research
findings

科技发展基金 a science and technology development fund

科教兴国战略 the strategy of invigorating China
through the development of science and education

科学技术进步 scientific and technological progress

科学论证 scientific verification

科学有效的收入组织机制 a scientific and effective
mechanism for collecting revenue

可持续发展战略 the strategy of sustainable development

可支配收入 disposable income

肯定成绩 affirm our achievements

控制在国民经济可以承受的范围之内 keep within the
limits of the national economic strength

跨省区分行trans-provincial or trans-regional branches

亏损企业 loss-generating enterprises

扩大内需，刺激消费 expand/ increase domestic demand
and stimulate consumption

扩大住房贷款，助学贷款和大件消费品贷款expand housing
loans, student loans and major commodity loans

拉动经济增长stimulate economic growth

来之不易hard-won achievements

浪费资源 resource-wasting

劳动力市场 the labor market

劳动者素质的提高 improve the quality of laborers

老工业基地 old industrial bases

离退休人员基本养老金 basic pensions for retirees

离退休人员养老金 pensions to retired employees

理顺税、费、价三者关系 straighten out the
relationships among taxes, charges and prices

厉行节约 practice economy

粮食流通体制改革 reform of the grain distribution
system

粮食市场的宏观调控能力 the state’s capacity for
macro-control of the grain market

粮食政策性补贴 policy-related grain subsidies

两大历史性课题（提高党的执政能力和领导水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力）the
two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities
of administration and art of leadership and resisting
corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding
off risks.

林区 forested areas

零基预算制度 a zero-base budgeting system

漏征漏管户 tax dodgers

面对严峻挑战 meet the serious challenge

民族地区 regions inhabited by ethnic groups

名优产品 famous brand high-quality products

牟取暴利price hikes for exorbitant profits

年度国家预算annual State budge

农村电网改造projects to upgrade rural power grids

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural workers

起草社会治安法drafting a social security law

全国人大常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee

全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress

全国人民代表大会 (简称 全国人大) National People's
Congress (NPC)

全国人民代表大会常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee

全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of
the NPC Standing Committee

全国人民代表大会主席团 the NPC Presidium

全国政协委员 member of the national committee of CPPCC


全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程forge ahead with the new
great project of Party building

全体会议plenary meeting

权贵资本主义'(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义)
crony capitalism

人均国内生产总值per-capita gross domestic product
(GDP)

弱势群体 disadvantaged groups
(对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。--Special employment
assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged
groups.)

三个代表 three represents theory (the Party must
always represent the requirements of the development
of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation
of the development of China's advanced culture, and
the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority
of the people in China.)

三讲教育：讲学习，讲政治，讲正气three emphases
education (to stress theoretical study, political
awareness and good conduct)

三峡工程Three-Gorges Project

三峡移民Migrants from Three Gorges area

生计问题 bread-and butter issue

生态建筑 ecological construction

使大多数亏损企业扭亏为盈 bring the majority of
money-losing firms into the black

试点项目 pilot project

特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire
straits

退耕还林、还草工程Grain for Green Project

网络公司 a web-based economy

西部大开发the strategy of developing the western
region

西电东送 transmission of electricity from the western
to the eastern region

下岗工人基本生活津贴the basic living allowance for
laid-off workers

下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off
workers

现代远程教育modern distance education

宪法修正案 amendments to the Constitution

乡镇企业 township enterprises

小组讨论 panel discussions/group discussions

新闻发布会 press conference

医保制度改革Reform of medical insurance system

医疗改革 health care reform

隐形就业 hidden employment

有中国特色的社会主义民主政治socialist democratic
politics with Chinese characteristics

与时俱进 advance with the times

再就业下岗人员re-employment of laid-off workers

增收节支increase revenue and cut government
expenditure

债转股 debt-to-equity swap

政府工作报告government's work report

政府机构改革Reform of government institutions

制定反贪法规anti-corruption legislation

中共中央委员会CPC Central Committee

中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会 16th National Congress
of Communist Party of China (16th NCCPC)

中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 （简称 全国政协）
National Committee of the Chinese People's Political
Consultative Conference (CPPCC)

中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会 Standing
committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC

中国政协委员 member of the National Committee of CPPCC


中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline
Inspection

重庆（直辖）市 China's Chongqing Municipality

诸国议会同盟Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)

资源丰富的内陆地区（指中国西部）the resource-rich
hinterland

综合国力 overall national strength

Chinese Governmental Sections after the Adminitrative
Transformation
1、 外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2、 国防部 Ministry of National Defence
3、 国家发展计划委员会 State Development Planning
Commission
4、 国家经济计划委员会 State Economy and Trade
Commission
5、 教育部 Ministry of Education
全国高考
the National College Entrance Examination
6、 科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology
7、 国防科学技术工业委员会
Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for
National Defence
8、 国家民族事务委员会 State Ethnic Affairs Commission

9、 公安部 Ministry of Public Security
10、国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
11、监察部 Ministry of Supervision
12、民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs
13、司法部 Ministry of Justice
14、财政部 Ministry of Finance
15、人事部 Ministry of Personnel
16、劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social
Security
17、国土资源部 Ministry of Land and Resources
18、建设部 Ministry of Construction
19、铁道部 Ministry of Railways
20、交通部 Ministry of Communications
21、信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry
22、水利部 Ministry of Water Resources
23、农业部 Ministry of Agricultry
24、对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Cooperation
25、文化部 Ministry of Culture
26、卫生部 Ministry of Health
27、国家计划生育委员会 State Family Planning
Commission
28、中国人民银行 The People's Bank of China
29、审计署 National Auditing Administration

汉英口译分类词汇（05）--环境保护词汇



21世纪议程 Agenda 21 （the international plan of
action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de
Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, — provides the global
consensus on the road map towards sustainable
development）
世界环境日 World Environment Day (June 5th each year)
世界环境日主题 World Environment Day Themes
环境千年—行动起来吧！（2000） The Environment
Millennium - Time to Act！
拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999） Our Earth - Our Future
- Just Save It!
为了地球上的生命—拯救我们的海洋!（1998）For Life on
Earth - Save Our Seas!
为了地球上的生命（1997） For Life on Earth
我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996） Our Earth, Our
Habitat, Our Home
国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29
December)
世界水日 World Water Day (22 March)
世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)
世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June )
联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会） United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED
联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs
（UNEP）
2000年全球环境展望报告 GEO-2000; Global Environmental
Outlook 2000
入选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global
500 Roll of Honor
联合国人类居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements
(UNCHS)
改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖 Best Practices in Human
Settlements Improvement
人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme
(UNESCO)
中国21世纪议程 China’s Agenda 21
中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity
Protection Action Plan
中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green
Project Plan
国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection
Administration (SEPA)
中国环保基本方针 China’s guiding principles for
environmental protection
坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy
of environmental protection
推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable
development
贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针
carry out a strategy of synchronized planning,
implementation and development in terms of economic
and urban and rural development and environmental
protection (the “three synchronizes” principle)
促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental
shifts in the economic system and mode of economic
growth
实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about
harmony of economic returns and contribution to
society and environmental protection
中国环保基本政策 the basic policies of China’s
environmental protection
预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the
first place and integrating prevention with control
污染者负担的政策 “the-polluters-pay” policy
强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up
environmental management
一控双达标政策 policy of “One Order, Two Goals”:
“一控”：12种工业污染物的排放量控制在国家规定的排放总量
The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in
China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total
amount mandated by the central government.;
“双达标”： 1.
到2000年底，全国所有的工业污染源要达到国家或地方规定的污染物排放标准
The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet
both national and local standards by the end of 2000.
2.
到2000年底，47个重点城市的空气和地面水达到国家规定的环境质量标准
2. Air and surface water quality in all urban
districts in 47 major cities should meet related
national standards by the end of 2000.
对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact
assessments (EIA) on start-up projects
提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst
the general public
查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of
violating laws and regulations on environmental
protection
环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement
inspection
限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit
of time
中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into
which China has accessed
控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel
Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements
of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书 Montreal Protocol
on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity
防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat
Desertification
气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change
生态示范区 eco-demonstration region;
environment-friendly region
国家级生态示范区（珠海） Nationally Designated
Eco-Demonstration Region
国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City
对水质和空气质量的影响 impact on the quality of the
water and the air
治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the
pollution under control

海藻 mostly in polluted waters)
工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes
白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering of
non-degradable white plastics)
可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic
bags
放射性废料积存 accumulation of radioactive waste
有机污染物 organic pollutants
氰化物、 砷、汞排放 cyanide, arsenic, mercury
discharged
铅、镉、六价铬 lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium
城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urban
refuse
垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill
垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator
防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation
森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation
水土流失 water and soil erosion
土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization
农药残留 pesticide residue
水土保持 conservation of water and soil
生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture;
eco-agriculture
水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone
海水淡化 sea water desalinization
保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源 protect coral reefs,
mangrove and fishing resource
绿化祖国 turn the country green
全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day
造林工程 afforestation project
绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space
森林覆盖率 forest coverage
防风林 wind breaks （防沙林 sand breaks）
速生林 fast-growing trees

降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource
degradation
开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources
环保产品 environment-friendly products
自然保护区 nature reserve
野生动植物 wild fauna and flora
保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats
濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife
珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species
breeding center
自然生态系统 natural ecosystems
防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙） desertification
环境负荷 carrying capacity of environment
三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes
先天与后天，遗传与环境 nature-nurture
美化环境 landscaping design for environmental purposes
防止沿海地带不可逆转恶化 protect coastal zones from
irreversible degradation
环境恶化 environmental degradation
城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization
温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture
贫困的恶性循环 vicious cycle of poverty
大气监测系统 atmospheric monitoring system
空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration
酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and transboundary air
pollution
二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions
悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles
工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharged
烟尘排放 soot emissions
二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide (NO2)
矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil,
and natural gas
清洁能源 clean energy
汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust
尾气净化器 exhaust purifier
无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline
天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles
电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars
氯氟烃 CFCs
温室效应 greenhouse effect
厄尔尼诺南徊 ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation)
噪音 noise （分贝 db; decibel）
化学需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一个指标） COD；chemical
oxygen demand
生物需氧量 BOD; biological oxygen demand
工业废水处理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents
城市污水处理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage
集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant
红潮 red tide (rapid propagation of sea algae







英语“气象”用语表达法





1、气候种类
山地气候 mountain climate 恒风 constant wind 微风
breeze
冬季季风气候 winter monsoon climate 逆风 headwind 台风
typhoon
季风气候 monsoon climate 高气压 high-pressure 锋面
frontal edge
亚热带气候 sub-tropical climate 气团 air mass 热浪
heat wave
高原气候 plateau climate 闪电 lightning 雾 fog
海滨气候 littoral climate 凉 cool 霜 frost
极地气候 polar climate 雪堆 snowdrift 露 dew
热带气候 tropical climate 寒冷 chilly 3、风的名称
温带沙漠气候 temperate desert climate 间歇雨
intermittent rain 无风 calm
温带干燥气候 temperate arid climate 大雨 heavy rain
轻风 light breeze
热带季风气候 tropical monsson climate 信风 trade wind
微风 gentle breeze
大陆气候 continental climate 天气预报 weather forecast
和风 moderate breeze
沙漠气候 desert climate 甘霖 welcome rain 清风 fresh
breeze
沿海气候 coastal climate 冰柱 icicle 强风 strong
breeze
高地气候 highland climate 西北风 northwester 疾风 near
gale
海洋气候 marine climate 地形雨 local rains 大风 gale
森林气候 forest climate 狂风 squall 烈风 strong gale
温带气候 temperate climate 雨季 rainy season 狂风
storm
湿润气候 humid climate 雨点 raindrops 暴风 violent
storm
温带草原气候 temperate grassy climate 东北信风
northeast trades 飓风 hurricane
热带雨林气候 tropical rainy climate 东南风 southeaster
台风 typhoon
热带海洋气候 tropical marine climate 风级 wind scale
龙卷风 tornado
2、气象用语 虹 rainbow 4、浪的名称
小雨 light rain 阵雨 shower 平静 calm
毛毛雨 drizzle,fine rain 疾风 gusty wind 微波 rippled
反常天气 freakish weather 气旋 cyclone 微浪 smooth
wavelets
北风 north wind 气压 barometric pressure 细浪 light
seas
冰 ice 阴天 cloudy day 小浪 moderate seas
冰点 freezing point 雪花 snow flake 中浪 rough seas
西南风 southwester 晴 clear 大浪 very rough seas
冷峰 cold front 顺风 favorable wind 强浪 high seas
低气压 low-pressure 闷热天气 muggy weather 巨浪 very
high seas
雨量 rainfall 雹 hail 狂浪 monster waves
东北风 northeaster 雷 thunder 5、自然灾害
东风 east wind 滂沱大雨 downpour 火山地震 volcanic
earthquake
炎热 scorching heat 暖锋 warm front 海啸 tidal wave
风眼 eye of a storm 零度 zero 山崩 landslide
零度以下 subzero

汉英口译分类词汇（06）--机关机构词汇



一、部属机构属译名（以化学工业为例）

化学工业部 Ministry of Chemical Industry

办公厅 General Office

计划司 Planning Department

外事司 Foreign Affairs Department

人事司 Personnel Department

化工新材料局 New Chemical Material Department

化工司 Chemical Department

橡胶司 Rubber Department

炼化司 Department of Refining and Chemicals

矿山司 Chemical Mines Bureau

化工规划院 Chemical Planning Institute

设备总公司 Equipment General Corporation

基建局 Capital Construction Department

教育司 Education Department

化肥司 Chemical Fertilizer Department

供销局 Department of Supply and Sales



二、市属机械译名（以北京市为例）

北京市人大常委会 Standing Committee of Beijing
Municipal People's Congress

中国共产党北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of
the CPC

中国人民政治协商会议北京市委员会Beijing Municipal
Committee of the CPPCC

北京市人民政府 Beijing Municipal People's Government

高级人民法院 High People's Court

人民检察院 People's Procuratorate

外事办公室 Foreign Affairs Office

侨务办公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office

财贸办公室 Office of Finance and Trade

文教办公室 Office of Culture and Education

计划委员会 Planning Committee

经济委员会 Economic Committee

城乡建设委员会 Committee of Municipal and Rural
Construction

科学技术委员会 Committee of Science and Technology

城市规划委员会 Committee of Municipal Design

对外经贸委员会 Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign
Countries

市政管理委员会 Municipal Administration Committee

民族委员会 Nationalities Committee

体育委员会 Physical Culture and Sports Committee

计划生育委员会 Family Planning Committee

人事局 Personnel Bureau

科技干部管理局 Bureau of Scientific and Technical
Personnel

老干部局 Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres

统计局 Statistical Bureau

物价局 Bureau of Commodity Price

工商行政管理局 Administration Bureau for Industry and
Commerce

商品检验局 Bureau for Inspection of Commodities

审计局 Auditing Bureau

财政局 Finance Bureau

税务局 Tax Bureau

劳动局 Labor Bureau

档案局 Archives Bureau

物资管理局 Bureau of Materials

标准计量局 Bureau of Standard Measurement

公用局 Bureau if Public Utilities

广播电视局 Bureau of Radio and Television

教育委员会 Education Committee

文化局 Bureau of Culture

文物事业管理局 Bureau of Cultural Relics

卫生局 Health Bureau

乡镇企业管理局 Bureau if Township Enterprise
Management

地质矿产局 Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources

农业局 Agricultural Bureau

林业局 Forestry Bureau

水产局 Bureau of Aquatic Products

气象局 Meteorological Bureau

水资源管理局 Control Bureau of Water Resources

园林局 Bureau of Parks and Woods

环境保护局 Bureau for Environmental Protection

环境卫生管理局 Bureau for Environmental Health

商业委员会 Commerce Committee

粮食局 Food Bureau

房地产管理局 Real Estate Bureau

城市规划管理局 Bureau for Municipal Design

机械设备成套局 Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery
and Equipment

公安局 Public Security Bureau

安全局 Security Bureau

司法局 Justice Bureau

民政局 Bureau of Civil Affairs

劳改工作管理局 Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work

旅游局 Travel Bureau/Tourism Administration

铁路局 Railways Bureau

邮政局 Post Bureau

电信局 Telecommunications Bureau

北京民航管理局 Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation

北京海关 Beijing Customs

外交人员服务局 Service Bureau for Foreign Officials

首都钢铁公司 Capital Iron and Steel Company

燕山石化总公司 Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry
Corporation



三、企业

半导体器械厂 Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant

包装材料厂 Packaging Materials Plant

保温瓶厂 Thermos Flask Factory

炼钢厂 Steel Works

被单厂 Bed sheet Factory

变压器厂 Transformer factory

玻璃制品厂 Glassware Factory

茶厂 Tea Processing Factory

柴油机厂 Diesel Engine Plant

车辆制造厂 Railway Car Plant

船舶修造厂 Ship Repair Yard

灯具厂 Lighting Equipment Factory

低压开关厂 Low-Voltage Switch Factory

汽车制造厂 Automobile Works

发电厂 Power Plant

电动工具厂 Electric Tool Works

电机厂 Electrical Machinery Plant

电讯器材厂 Telecommunication Apparatus Factory

电子管厂 Electronic Tube Factory

电子设备厂 Electronic Equipment Factory

铸造厂 Foundry Works

纺织机械厂 Textile Machinery Plant

服装厂 Garment Factory

皮革制品厂 Leather Goods Factory

罐头食品厂 Canned Food Plant

光学仪器厂 Optical Instrument Factory

广播器材厂 Broadcasting Equipment Factory

锅炉厂 Boiler Factory

化肥厂 Chemical Fertilizer Plant

化工厂 Chemical Works

化学纤维厂 Chemical Fiber Plant

化妆品厂 Cosmetics Plant

机床厂 Machine Tools Plant

机械修理厂 Machine Repair Plant

建筑机械厂 Construction Machinery Plant

金属工艺制品厂 Metal Handicraft Plant

晶体管厂 Transistor Factory

绝缘材料厂 Insulating Materials Plant

民族乐器厂 Folk Music Instrument Factory

炼油厂 Oil Refinery

粮油加工厂 Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory

毛纺织厂 Woolen Mill

木材厂 Timber Mill

家具厂 Furniture Factory

农药厂 Insecticide Factory

啤酒厂 Beer Brewery

汽车修配厂 Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant

人造纤维厂 Artificial Fiber Plant

乳品加工厂 Milk Processing Plant

石油化工机械厂 Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant

水泥厂 Cement Plant

塑料厂 Plastics Plant

搪瓷厂 Enamel Plant

陶瓷厂 Pottery and porcelain Factory

通用机械厂 General Machinery Plant

玩具厂 Toy Factory

无线电器材厂 Radio Appliances Factory

五金厂 Hardware Factory

橡胶厂 Rubber Plant

制药厂 Pharmaceutical Factory

羊毛衫厂 Woolen Sweater Mill

针织厂 Knitwear Mill

冶炼厂 Metallurgical Plant

医疗器械厂 Medical Apparatus Factory

仪表厂 Instrument and Meters Factory

饮料厂 Soft Drinks Plant

印染厂 Printing and Dyeing Mill

油漆厂 Paint Factory

有机化工厂 Organic Chemical Plant

造纸机械厂 Paper Making Machinery Plant

造船厂 Shipbuilding Plant

自行车厂 Bicycle Plant



四、公司、企业集团

家用电器有限公司 Household Electrical Appliance Co.,
Ltd.

技贸公司 Technology and Trade Co., Ltd.

钢铁公司 Iron and Steel Company

保安服务公司 Security Service Company

针织有限公司 Knitting Company Ltd.

实业集团公司 Industrial Group Corporation

国际租赁公司 International Leasing Company

电子技术开发公司 Electronic Technology Development Co.


毛纺织有限公司 Woolen Textile Co., Ltd.

系统工程有限公司 System Engineering Corporation

计算机集团公司 Computer Group Co.

时装有限公司 Fashion Company Ltd.

广告公司 Advertising Company

科学技术开发公司 Science and Technical Development
Company

水产品有限公司 Aquatic Product Company Ltd.

旅游公司 Travel Corporation

服装公司 Garment Company Ltd.

国际广告展览有限公司International Advertising and
Exposition Co., Ltd.

电冰箱厂有限公司 Refrigerator Factory Co., Ltd.

电风扇工业公司 Electric Fan Industry Company

电话技术开发服务公司Telephonic Technology Development
Service Co.

电力机械制造公司 Electrical Machinery Manufacturing
Company

电信发展公司 Telecommunications Development Co.

电子器材公司 Electronic Equipment & Materials
Corporation

建筑工程 Construction Project Consulting

咨询公司 Corporation

科学仪器 Scientific Instrument Import and

进出口公司 Export Co.

仪器设备公司 Instrument and Equipment Company

汽车企业集团 Automobile Enterprise Group

技术开发咨询公司 Technical Development and Consultancy
Co.

红筹股red chips

红股 bonus share

红帽子企业 red cap enterprise (refers to the
reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming
attached to a government department and doing business
in the name of a state-run or collective-run
enterprise)

红细胞生成素 Erythropoietin (EPO)

宏观调控 macro-control

后防空虚 leave the defense exposed

后台管理 back-stage management

呼啦圈 hula hoop

胡子工程 long-drawn-out project (a project which takes
so long that young workers become bearded)

虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.

互动广告 interactive advertisement

户口簿 residence booklet

户口管理制度 domicile system, residence registration
system

户主 head of a household

护身法宝 amulet

华表 ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele

华盖 canopy

滑板车 scooter

坏球 "Ball"

还俗 resume secular life, unfrock

环太平洋地区 Pacific Rim

换手率 turnover rate

黄、赌、毒 pornography, gambling and drug abuse and
trafficking

黄金时段 prime time

灰色收入 income from moonlighting

挥棒 swing

挥棒不中 fan

汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
(HSBC)

婚介所 matrimonial agency

婚外恋 extramarital love

活到老，学到老 One is never too old to learn.

火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high
technology)

货币化 monetization

货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation

货到付款 cash on delivery

机场建设费 airport construction fee

机构投资者 institutional investor

机构臃肿　 overstaffing in organizations (government)

积压产品 overstocked commodities (inventories)

基本国情 fundamental realities of the country

基本路线要管一百年 The basic line must be followed
unswervingly for a very long time to come.

基层民主 democracy at the grassroots level

基层组织 organizations at the grass-roots level

基础设施 infrastructure

基因工程 genetic engineering

基因突变 genetic mutation

绩优股 blue chip

缉毒队 narcotics squad

缉私力量 the forces engaged in the fight against
smuggling

激烈竞争 cut-throat competition

吉尼斯世界记录 Guinness (Book of Records)

吉祥物 mascot

集体婚礼 collective wedding ceremony

集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic
development

计划单列市 city specifically designated in the state
plan

计划生育责任制 responsibility system of family
planning

计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction (CAI)

计算机中央处理器 central processing unit(CPU)

记者席 press box

技术产权交易所 technology equity market; technology
property right exchange

技术交底 confide a technological secret to somebody

技术密集产品 technology-intensive product

技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers

既成事实fait accompli (noun)

既往不咎, 忘掉旧嫌 let bygones be bygones

加班 work extra shifts

加密 encrypt

加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is
maintained in public opinion

加权平均值 weighted average

家庭联产承包责任制 the household contract
responsibility system

家族企业 family firm

嘉宾 distinguished guest, honored guest

甲骨文 inscriptions on animal bones or tortoise shells

假唱 lip-synch

假动作 deception, feint

假日经济 holiday economy

尖端产品 highly sophisticated products

坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见 persist in
reunification, oppose separation, increase
understanding and iron out differences

监督部门 watchdog

减负 alleviate burdens on sb.

减速玻璃(汽车）decelerating glass

减员增效 downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to
improve efficiency

剪彩 cut the ribbon

剪刀差 the scissors gap between the prices of ... and
...

江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze
River

讲诚信，反欺诈： honor credibility and oppose cheating


降落伞候选人，外来候选人（应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党

a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to
look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go
up, one flight.

欲速则不达 Haste does not bring success.

冤假错案 cases in which people were unjustly, falsely
or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or
wrong cases

元宵节 Lantern Festival

缘分  (as if by) predestination, be preordained to
come together

远程教育 distance learning

远景计划 long-term development targets

运球 dribble

宰（客） to swindle money out of our customers

再贷款 re-lending; subloan

再就业服务中心 re-employment service center

在孵（孵化器）企业 incubated enterprises (incubator)

在职博士生 on-job Ph.D candidate

糟粕 dross

早恋 puppy love

造假帐 falsified accounts

斋月 Ramadan

债转股 debt-to-equity swap

沾光 benefit from one's association

战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership

站票 standing-room-only ticket

站台票 platform ticket

涨落线 advance balance line

掌上电脑 palm computer

招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project

招股说明书prospectus

招商引资 attract/bid for/invite investments (from
overseas)

招生就业指导办公室 enrolment and vocation guidance
office

真空包装 vacuum packing

真善美 the true, the good and the beautiful; truth,
good and beauty

正式照会 formal note

证券营业部 stock exchange; security exchange

政策性住房 policy-related house, policy-based house

政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏 Governments set up the
stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise
put in the show.

政府上网工程Government Online Project

政府职能转变 transform/shift the government functions

政企不分 without a clear line between the functions of
the government and enterprises; the functions of the
government and enterprises mixed up

政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise
management

政务公开 make government affairs public

政治迫害 political prosecution; witch hunt

政治协商、民主监督、参政议政 exercise political
consultation and democratic supervision and
participate in deliberating and administration of
state affairs

支原体 mycoplasma

知识产权 intellectual property rights

知识经济 knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy

直播 live broadcast, live telecast

职务犯罪 crime by taking advantage of duty

职业经理人 professional manager

致命要害 Achilles' heel

智力密集型 concentration of brain power;
knowledge-intensive

智囊团、思想库 the brain trust；think tank

中关村科技园区 Zhongguancun Science and Technology
Park

中国经济景气监测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center

中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit

中国新闻出版报社 China Press and Publication News

中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法 Law of the People's
Republic of China on the Protection of Consumers'
Rights and Interests

中华世纪坛 China Millennium Monument

中华医学会 Chinese Medical Association

中介 intermediary agent

中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone

中美战略核武器互不瞄准对方 non-targeting strategic
nuclear weapons against each other

中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint ventures

中外合作企业（项目）cooperative businesses (projects)

中下层南方共和党人（美国） pickup-truck Republican

中央大型企业工委：Central Work Committee for Large
Enterprises

中央国家机关 China's State organs

中央经济工作会议 the Central Economic Working
Conference

中央商务区 central business district (CBD)

中专生 secondary specialized or technical school
student

众口难调 It is difficult to cater to all tastes.; One
man's meat is another man's poison.

重点发展 prioritize

重复建设 building redundant project; duplication of
similar projects

主板市场 main board of the stock market